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It can create feelings of anxiety, fear, and apprehension in existing stressful situations, and as such, is often associated with or triggered by panic disorder or anxiety disorder. [2] For example, even though a spouse has shown only devotion, a person using emotional reasoning might conclude, "I know my spouse is being unfaithful because I ...
Rationalization encourages irrational or unacceptable behavior, motives, or feelings and often involves ad hoc hypothesizing. This process ranges from fully conscious (e.g. to present an external defense against ridicule from others) to mostly unconscious (e.g. to create a block against internal feelings of guilt or shame).
A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational.Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety.
A preference for rational thought shows a number of beneficial associations. Increased academic achievement (GRE scores and grade-point average), self-esteem, openness to experience, and conscientiousness and decreased levels of depression and state-trait anxiety have all been associated with need for cognition.
According to multiple studies, rumination is a mechanism that develops and sustains psychopathological conditions such as anxiety, depression, and other negative mental disorders. [4] There are some defined models of rumination, mostly interpreted by the measurement tools. [5] Multiple tools exist to measure ruminative thoughts.
One way of thinking holds that the mental process of decision-making is (or should be) rational: a formal process based on optimizing utility. [1] Rational thinking and decision-making does not leave much room for strong emotions. [2] In fact, emotions are often considered irrational occurrences that may distort reasoning. [3]
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]
The affect as information hypothesis emphasises significance of the information that affect communicates, rather than the affective feelings themselves. [2] Affective reactions or 'responses' provide an embodied source of information about 'value' or valence, as well as affective arousal provides an embodied source of information about importance. [2]