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Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
Gender equality can refer to equal opportunities or formal equality based on gender or refer to equal representation or equality of outcomes for gender, also called substantive equality. [3] Gender equality is the goal, while gender neutrality and gender equity are practices and ways of thinking that help achieve the goal.
The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is a gender-focused development of the Human Development Index (HDI) which measures the development levels in a country corrected by the existing gender inequalities. [5] [6] It addresses gender-gaps in life expectancy, education, and incomes. It uses an "inequality aversion" penalty, which creates a ...
Gender inequality, the social process by which men and women are not treated as equals; Gender pension gap, the cumulative impact of the gender pay gap. Global Gender Gap Report, an index, published by the World Economic Forum, designed to measure gender equality; Sex ratio, the ratio of males to females in a population
Social constructionists contest this argument, arguing that gender roles and gender inequity are instruments of power and have become social norms to maintain control over women. Historically, patriarchy has manifested itself in the social, legal, political, religious, and economic organization of a range of different cultures. [6]
This may be due to the state of the current social system, which bear other types of inequalities such as economic, racial and gender inequality. A lack of health equity is also evident in the developing world, where the importance of equitable access to healthcare has been cited as crucial to achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals .
Gendered racism is a form of oppression that occurs due to race and gender. It is perpetuated due to the prevalence of perceptions, stereotypes, and images of certain groups. Racism functions as a way to distinguish races as inferior or superior to one another. "Sexism" is defined as prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination on the basis of ...
The gender power gap is defined as the proportional power held by women in leadership and management positions relative to men (such as the gap in top executive positions). [1] This measurement distinguishes itself from gender diversity, which only measures the presence of women at the top table. Instead, gender power gap specifically focuses ...