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Plant disease epidemiology is the study of disease in plant populations. Much like diseases of humans and other animals, plant diseases occur due to pathogens such as bacteria , viruses , fungi , oomycetes , nematodes , phytoplasmas , protozoa , and parasitic plants . [ 1 ]
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
The soil microbiome of plants is known to influence soil-borne diseases incidence and severity by either indirectly combatting disease by fortifying plant defenses or through direct microbe-microbe interactions, thus helping to create a disease suppressive environment.
Plant disease triangle. Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. [10] A disease triangle describes the basic factors required for plant diseases. These are the host plant, the pathogen, and the environment. Any one of these can be modified to control a disease. [11]
The plant disease triangle represents the factors necessary for disease to occur. Plant disease forecasting is a management system used to predict the occurrence or change in severity of plant diseases. At the field scale, these systems are used by growers to make economic decisions about disease treatments for control.
In terms of economic damage, soybean is the most important host plant for SMV. [HW 2] However, plants belonging to the families Fabaceae [HW 1] /Leguminosae (including G. max, Strongylodon macrobotrys [6] and others), Amaranthaceae [HW 1] (Chenopodiaceae), [HW 1] Passifloraceae, [HW 1] Scrophulariaceae, [HW 1] Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, [HW 1] and Caricaceae have also been reported infected ...
In a different study that looked at the annual increase of ash yellows in six populations of white ash in New York, the average annual increase in disease incidence was found to be 4.5%. [20] This study also found that disease incidence was lowest in the two populations where other plant species were present. [20]
The disease may cause the tassels and ears of maize plants to develop improperly or not form at all. This also occurs within the panicle of the sorghum plant. Key factors in diagnosing downy mildew on maize and sorghum caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi include chlorosis of the leaves, followed by white streaking of the leaves.