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A transponder (short for transmitter-responder [1] and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, [2] XPNDR, [3] TPDR [4] or TP [5]) is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. Aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on air traffic control radar.
The following list shows specific aeronautical transponder codes (typically called squawk codes), and ranges of codes, that have been used for specific purposes in various countries. Traditionally, each country has allocated transponder codes by their own scheme with little commonality across borders. The list is retained for historic interest.
Upon interrogation, Mode S transponders transmit information about the aircraft to the SSR system, to TCAS receivers on board aircraft and to the ADS-B SSR system. This information includes the call sign of the aircraft and/or the aircraft's permanent ICAO 24-bit address (which is represented for human interface purposes as six hexadecimal ...
IFF systems usually use radar frequencies, but other electromagnetic frequencies, radio or infrared, may be used. [1] It enables military and civilian air traffic control interrogation systems to identify aircraft, vehicles or forces as friendly, as opposed to neutral or hostile, and to determine their bearing and range from the interrogator ...
An equipment code describes the communication (COM), navigation (NAV), approach aids and surveillance transponder equipment on board an aircraft.These alphabetic codes are used on FAA and ICAO flight plan forms to aid flight service station (FSS) personnel in their handling of aircraft.
The aircraft emergency frequency (also known in the USA as Guard) is a frequency used on the aircraft band reserved for emergency communications for aircraft in distress.The frequencies are 121.5 MHz for civilian, also known as International Air Distress (IAD), International Aeronautical Emergency Frequency, [1] or VHF Guard, [1] and 243.0 MHz—the second harmonic of VHF guard—for military ...
In air navigation or radio frequency identification, a flight transponder is an automated transceiver in an aircraft that emits a coded identifying signal in response to an interrogating received signal.
A light aircraft transponder. The transponder has a small required set of controls and is simple to operate. It has a method to enter the four-digit transponder code, also known as a beacon code or squawk code, and a control to transmit an ident, which is done at the controller's request (see SPI pulse below). Transponders typically have 4 ...