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Old Javanese or Kawi is the oldest attested phase of the Javanese language. It was spoken in the eastern part of what is now Central Java and the whole of East Java , Indonesia . As a literary language, Kawi was used across Java and on the islands of Madura , Bali , and Lombok .
The word Jawa written in Javanese script Two Javanese speakers, recorded in Indonesia. Javanese (/ ˌ dʒ ɑː v ə ˈ n iː z / JAH-və-NEEZ, [3] / dʒ æ v ə-/ JAV-ə-, /-ˈ n iː s /- NEESS; [4] basa Jawa, Javanese script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا , IPA: [bɔsɔ d͡ʒɔwɔ]) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family spoken primarily by the ...
The Kawi script or the Old Javanese script (Indonesian: aksara kawi, aksara carakan kuna) is a Brahmic script found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century. [1] The script is an abugida, meaning that characters are read with an inherent vowel.
Javanese literature tradition is among the earliest and the oldest surviving literature traditions in Indonesia. The translations of Hindu epic Ramayana and Mahabharata into old Javanese language took place during the era of Mataram Kingdom and Kediri kingdom around 9th to 11th century.
The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are ...
The script is primarily used to write the Javanese language and has also been used to write several other regional languages such as Sundanese and Madurese, the regional lingua franca Malay, as well as the historical languages Kawi and Sanskrit. It heavily influenced the Balinese script from which the system for Sasak developed.
Javanese abugida. The Javanese language was formerly written with a script descended from the Brahmi script, natively known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. In addition, Javanese language can also written with right-to-left script descended from the Arabic script called Pegon. Upon Indonesian independence it was replaced with a form of the Latin alphabet.
Scholars of Javanese history have paid much attention to theoretical questions, aiming at a balanced evaluation of Javanese historiography next to Western historiography. In doing so they focused on Old and Modern Javanese sources, drawing both on written sources and archaeological and epigraphic material. The debate continues up to the present.