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Croesus (/ ˈ k r iː s ə s / KREE-səs; Phrygian: Akriaewais; [1] Ancient Greek: Κροῖσος, romanized: Kroisos; Latin: Croesus; reigned: c. 585 – c. 546 BC [2]) was the king of Lydia, who reigned from 585 BC until his defeat by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 547 or 546 BC. [3] [2] According to Herodotus, he reigned 14 years.
Croesus, aka Kroisos (c.585–546 BC; son of Alyattes) [18] [19] Gyges died in battle c.644 BCE, fighting against the Cimmerians, and was succeeded by Ardys. [9] The most successful king was Alyattes, under whom Lydia reached its peak of power and prosperity. [20] Croesus was defeated by Cyrus the Great at the battles of Pteria and Thymbra.
Alyattes was the first monarch who issued coins, made from electrum (and his successor Croesus was the first to issue gold coins). Alyattes is therefore sometimes mentioned as the originator of coinage, or of currency .
Croesus was still confident in his chances because Sardis was a well-fortified city consecrated by ancient prophecies to never be captured. Additionally, he had sent for immediate aid from Sparta , the strongest state in Greece and his firm ally, and hoped to enlist the Egyptians, the Babylonians and others in his coalition against Persia as well.
Lydia (Ancient Greek: Λυδία, romanized: Ludía; Latin: Lȳdia) was an Iron Age kingdom situated in the west of Asia Minor, in modern-day Turkey.Later, it became an important province of the Achaemenid Empire and then the Roman Empire.
Croesus was the son and heir of Alyattes and the most important Lydian king concerning the Bible. He was fabulously wealthy, spawning the simile: "as rich as Croesus." The undoing of Croesus and the Lydian empire came when they attacked Cyrus the Great. Victorious over Cappadocians, Croesus was filled with confidence. The benevolent Cyrus ...
He inherited a large empire, ruled in alliance with his two brothers-in-law, Croesus of Lydia and Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, whose wife, Amytis, Astyages' sister, was the queen for whom Nebuchadnezzar was said to have built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. [5]
A rare depiction of the legend of Gyges finding the magic ring, Ferrara, 16th century Gyges (/ ˈ dʒ aɪ dʒ iː z /, / ˈ ɡ aɪ dʒ iː z /; Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 Kukas; [1] [2] Neo-Assyrian Akkadian: 𒁹𒄖𒊌𒄖, 𒁹𒄖𒄖 Gugu; [3] Ancient Greek: Γύγης, romanized: Gugēs; Latin: Gygēs; reigned c. 680-644 BC [4] [5]) was the founder of the Mermnad dynasty of Lydian ...
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