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The list begins with the semi-legendary prince Rurik of Novgorod, sometime in the mid-9th century, and ends with Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917, and was executed with his family in 1918. Two dynasties have ruled Russia: the Rurikids (862–1598) and Romanovs (from 1613). [1] [2]
James Stuart, Duke of York 1633–1649, Brother James Stuart, Duke of York: Heir presumptive Brother 30 January 1649 Brother proclaimed king: 6 February 1685 Became king Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester 1649–1660, Brother Charles II: Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 1660, Sister Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge 1660–1661, Son
Between 1881 and 1894, Maria's husband ruled as Russia's sovereign. [12] Her son, Nicholas II, became Emperor of Russia upon Alexander III's death. [11] Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, on 26 November 1894, and Alix became his consort, adopting the name Alexandra Feodorovna. [11]
Nicholas I: Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich: Son 1 December 1825 Father became emperor 2 March 1855 Father died, became emperor Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich, 1825–1827, uncle Grand Duke Constantine Nikolaevich, 1827–1843, brother: Grand Duke Nicholas Alexandrovich, 1843–1855, son Alexander II: Tsesarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich: Son 2 ...
The Bill of Rights 1689 established that, whichever of the joint monarchs, William III and Mary II, died first, the other would reign alone. As Mary II died first, on 28 December 1694, William III became sole remaining monarch. On the day of Mary's death, the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was:
Nicholas, unbreeched at two years old, with his mother, Maria Feodorovna, in 1870 Grand Duke Nicholas was born on 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868, in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo south of Saint Petersburg, during the reign of his paternal grandfather, Emperor Alexander II.
Queen Anne became monarch of the Kingdom of Great Britain after the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707. She had ruled England, Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland since 8 March 1702. She continued as queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death.
James II was ousted by Parliament less than four years after ascending to the throne, beginning the century's second interregnum. To settle the question of who should replace the deposed monarch, a Convention Parliament elected James' daughter Mary II and her husband (also his nephew) William III co-regents , in the Glorious Revolution .