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Philosopher John Locke argued that the authority of government stems from a social contract based on natural rights. According to Locke, the authority of government was limited and required the consent of the governed.
The concept of natural rights is not universally accepted, partly due to its religious associations and perceived incoherence. Some philosophers argue that natural rights do not exist and that legal rights are the only rights; for instance, Jeremy Bentham called natural rights "simple nonsense". [8]
Foundations of Natural Right (German: Grundlagen des Naturrechts nach Prinzipien der Wissenschaftslehre) is a philosophical text by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte and it was first published in 1797. The book is one of Fichte's most important and one of his broadest books in terms of subjects covered.
Several 17th- and 18th-century European philosophers, most notably John Locke, developed the concept of natural rights, the notion that people are naturally free and equal. [62] Locke believed natural rights were derived from divinity since humans were creations of God, and his ideas were important in the development of the modern notion of ...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (UK: / ˈ r uː s oʊ /, US: / r uː ˈ s oʊ /; [1] [2] French: [ʒɑ̃ʒak ʁuso]; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (), writer, and composer.. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational ...
Anarchical Fallacies; Being an examination of the Declaration of Rights issued during the French Revolution. [116] An attack on the Declaration of the Rights of Man decreed by the French Revolution, and critique of the natural rights philosophy underlying it. [117] 1802. Traités de législation civile et pénale, 3 vols, edited by Étienne ...
Like philosophers Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf, Locke equated natural law with the biblical revelation. [97] [98] [99] Locke derived the fundamental concepts of his political theory from biblical texts, in particular from Genesis 1 and 2 , the Decalogue, the Golden Rule, the teachings of Jesus, and the letters of Paul the Apostle. [100]
The concept of natural law was documented in ancient Greek philosophy, including Aristotle, [9] and was mentioned in ancient Roman philosophy by Cicero. References to it are also found in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible , and were later expounded upon in the Middle Ages by Christian philosophers such as Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas .