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Lutetium (177 Lu) chloride is a radioactive compound used for the radiolabeling of pharmaceutical molecules, aimed either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical imaging). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is an isotopomer of lutetium(III) chloride containing the radioisotope 177 Lu , which beta decays with a half-life of 6.64 days.
Forty radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable, besides 176 Lu, being 174 Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years, and 173 Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour.
Lutetium (177 Lu) oxodotreotide or 177 Lu dotatate, brand name Lutathera, is a chelated complex of a radioisotope of the element lutetium with dotatate, used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Specifically, it is used in the treatment of cancers which express somatostatin receptors. [5] It is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog. [3] [6] [7]
Lutetium occurs on the Earth in form of two isotopes: lutetium-175 and lutetium-176. Out of these two, only the former is stable, making the element monoisotopic . The latter one, lutetium-176, decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.78 × 10 10 years ; it makes up about 2.5% of natural lutetium. [ 7 ]
λ is the decay constant of . t is the time since the sample is formed. The two isotopes, 176 Lu and 176 Hf, in the system are measured as ratio to the reference stable isotope of 177 Hf. [3] [4] The measured ratio can be obtained from mass spectrometry.
Radiation from lutetium (177 Lu) oxodotreotide can cause damage when the medicine passes through tubules in the kidney. [45] Arginine/lysine can be used to reduce renal radiation exposure during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium ( 177 Lu) oxodotreotide.
Lutetium (177 Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan, sold under the brand name Pluvicto, is a radiopharmaceutical medication used for the treatment of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). [5] [6] Lutetium (177 Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan is a targeted radioligand therapy. [6] [8]
Although prompt (i.e. not beta-delayed) proton emission was observed from an isomer in cobalt-53 as early as 1969, no other proton-emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of lutetium-151 and thulium-147 were observed at experiments at the GSI in West Germany. [16]