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Lutetium (177 Lu) chloride is a radioactive compound used for the radiolabeling of pharmaceutical molecules, aimed either as an anti-cancer therapy or for scintigraphy (medical imaging). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is an isotopomer of lutetium(III) chloride containing the radioisotope 177 Lu , which beta decays with a half-life of 6.64 days.
Forty radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable, besides 176 Lu, being 174 Lu with a half-life of 3.31 years, and 173 Lu with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than half an hour.
Lutetium (177 Lu) oxodotreotide or 177 Lu dotatate, brand name Lutathera, is a chelated complex of a radioisotope of the element lutetium with dotatate, used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. Specifically, it is used in the treatment of cancers which express somatostatin receptors. [5] It is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog. [3] [6] [7]
Lutetium usually occurs in association with the element yttrium [11] and is sometimes used in metal alloys and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. 177 Lu-DOTA-TATE is used for radionuclide therapy (see Nuclear medicine) on neuroendocrine tumours. Lutetium has the highest Brinell hardness of any lanthanide, at 890–1300 MPa. [12]
Radiation from lutetium (177 Lu) oxodotreotide can cause damage when the medicine passes through tubules in the kidney. [45] Arginine/lysine can be used to reduce renal radiation exposure during peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium ( 177 Lu) oxodotreotide.
Lutetium (177 Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan, sold under the brand name Pluvicto, is a radiopharmaceutical medication used for the treatment of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). [5] [6] Lutetium (177 Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan is a targeted radioligand therapy. [6] [8]
Ytterbium has a density of 6.973 g/cm 3, which is significantly lower than those of the neighboring lanthanides, thulium (9.32 g/cm 3) and lutetium (9.841 g/cm 3). Its melting and boiling points are also significantly lower than those of thulium and lutetium.
digital imaging (smallest addressable unit) Power factor: pf = electrical (real power to apparent power) Power number: N p = fluid mechanics, power consumption by rotary agitators; resistance force versus inertia force) Prater number: β