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A shill may also act to discredit opponents or critics of the person or organization in which they have a vested interest. [1] [2] In most uses, shill refers to someone who purposely gives onlookers, participants or "marks" the impression of an enthusiastic customer independent of the seller, marketer or con artist, for whom they are secretly ...
The difference is that the bidder shows opening-bid values and the partner of the doubler may pass to convert the single-suited hand into a penalty double. Against the mini-notrump opening bid which shows 10-12/13 HCP (also known as the Kamikaze 1NT): Double is for penalty and shows 13+ points with any shape.
Leaking of bid information, which requires a relationship of some degree between the project and a bidder as the bidder is handed information to gain an unfair advantage. [4] Bid manipulation is another method for officials to choose the bidder of their choice but occurs after receipt of bids. The methods for this would include either changing ...
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Timothy Mansfield DeChristopher (born November 18, 1981) is an American climate activist and co-founder of the environmental group Peaceful Uprising. In December 2008, he protested a Bureau of Land Management (BLM) oil and gas lease auction of 116 parcels of public land in Utah's redrock country by successfully bidding on 14 parcels of land (totaling 22,500 acres) for $1.8 million with no ...
Its president is Will Marshall, who writes on foreign policy, defense, national service, globalization, trade policy, and cultural issues.The organization's executive director is Lindsay Lewis.
A Vickrey auction is decision efficient (the winner is the bidder with the highest valuation) under the most general circumstances; [citation needed] it thus provides a baseline model against which the efficiency properties of other types of auctions can be posited. It is only ex-post efficient (sum of transfers equal to zero) if the seller is ...
This article describes the contract bridge bidding convention. Meckwell is a method for defending against an opposing strong one notrump (1NT) opening by intervening in the direct and passout seats. [1] It features the following calls: