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cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
The effect of a checksum algorithm that yields an n-bit checksum is to map each m-bit message to a corner of a larger hypercube, with dimension m + n. The 2 m + n corners of this hypercube represent all possible received messages. The valid received messages (those that have the correct checksum) comprise a smaller set, with only 2 m corners.
The first weakness of the simple checksum is that it is insensitive to the order of the blocks (bytes) in the data word (message). If the order is changed, the checksum value will be the same and the change will not be detected. The second weakness is that the universe of checksum values is small, being equal to the chosen modulus.
The latest version of this Free/Open Source Software, BOSS GNU/Linux v10.0, was released on 18 March 2024. [8] This software supports eighteen Indian languages out of a total of twenty-two constitutionally recognized languages in India at the desktop level. [9]
The main part of this algorithm is simply adding up all bytes in a 32-bit sum. As a result, this algorithm has the characteristics of a simple sum: [2] re-arranging the same bytes in another order (e.g. moving text from one place to another place) does not change the checksum.
Main article: Information technology in India TCS Office at SIPCOT, Siruseri Cyber Gateway Madhapur Hyderabad near Raheja Mindspace TCS at Voltas House, Jamshedpur Wipro headquarters at Sarjapura Road, Electronic City, Bengaluru This is a list of notable companies in the information technology sector based in India. Top Indian companies are listed in descending order of their market ...
SFV uses a plain text file containing one line for each file and its checksum [1] in the format FILENAME<whitespaces>CHECKSUM. Any line starting with a semicolon ';' is considered to be a comment and is ignored for the purposes of file verification. The delimiter between the filename and checksum is always one or several spaces; tabs are never ...
Linux kernel, version 5.17 replaced SHA-1 with BLAKE2s for hashing the entropy pool in the random number generator. [21] Open Network for Digital Commerce, a Government of India initiative, uses BLAKE-512 to sign API requests. [22] checksum, a Windows file hashing program has Blake2s as one of its algorithms [23]