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For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [3] It is estimated that approximately 2-3% of people aged 52-89 years old have ocular hypertension of 25 mmHg and higher, and 3.5% of people 49 years and older have ocular hypertension of 21 mmHg and higher. [4]
Intraocular pressure varies throughout the night and day. The diurnal variation for normal eyes is between 3 and 6 mmHg and the variation may increase in glaucomatous eyes. During the night, intraocular pressure may not decrease [17] despite the slower production of aqueous humour. [18]
For eye pressures, a value of 28 hPa (21 mmHg) above atmospheric pressure 1,010 hPa (760 mmHg) is often used, with higher pressures leading to a greater risk. [2] [26] However, some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage. [2] Conversely, optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure, known as normal-tension glaucoma. [27]
For years, the upper limit of normal blood pressure (BP) for all adults was 140 systolic pressure (SBP) over 90 diastolic pressure (DBP) mmHg. Higher numbers usually required treatment .
Tonometry is the procedure that eye care professionals perform to determine the intraocular pressure (IOP), the fluid pressure inside the eye.It is an important test in the evaluation of patients at risk from glaucoma. [1]
It most commonly occurs in people over the age of fifty and in the United States is the most common cause of vision loss in this age group. [1] [3] About 0.4% of people between 50 and 60 have the disease, while it occurs in 0.7% of people 60 to 70, 2.3% of those 70 to 80, and nearly 12% of people over 80 years old. [3]
Mild signs of hypertensive retinopathy can be seen quite frequently in normal people (3–14% of adult individuals aged ≥40 years), even without hypertension. [4] Hypertensive retinopathy is commonly considered a diagnostic feature of a hypertensive emergency although it is not invariably present.
Over many years, glaucoma has been defined by an intraocular pressure of more than 20 mm Hg. Incompatible with this (now obsolete) definition of glaucoma was the ever larger number of cases that have been reported in medical literature in the 1980s and 1990s who had the typical signs of glaucomatous damage, like optic nerve head excavation and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, while ...