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The multiple principal problem, also known as the common agency problem, the multiple accountabilities problem, or the problem of serving two masters, is an extension of the principal-agent problem that explains problems that can occur when one person or entity acts on behalf of multiple other persons or entities. [1]
In the social sciences there is a standing debate over the primacy of structure or agency in shaping human behaviour. Structure is the recurrent patterned arrangements which influence or limit the choices and opportunities available. [1] Agency is the capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices. [1]
The agency problem can be intensified when an agent acts on behalf of multiple principals (see multiple principal problem). [ 6 ] [ 7 ] When multiple principals have to agree on the agent's objectives, they face a collective action problem in governance, as individual principals may lobby the agent or otherwise act in their individual interests ...
In social science, agency is the capacity of individuals to have the power and resources to fulfill their potential. Social structure consists of those factors of influence (such as social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, ability, customs, etc.) that determine or limit agents and their decisions. [ 1 ]
Emergent interactive agency defines Bandura's view of agencies, where human agency can be exercised through direct personal agency. [4] Bandura formulates his view of agency as a socio-cognitive one, where people are self-organizing , proactive, self-regulating , and engage in self-reflection , and are not just reactive organisms shaped and ...
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An administrative agency can be captured by a president when he or she appoints a bureaucratic head that reaffirms bureaucratic drift that is favorable to the president's policies. [ 6 ] [ 16 ] In cases where bureaucratic drift is present, scholars believe that the president can change policy more rapidly than in a zero-drift scenario.
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