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Today, carmine is primarily used as a colorant in food and in lipstick (E120 or Natural Red 4). Carmine dye was used in the Americas for coloring fabrics and became an important export good in the 16th century during the colonial period. Production of cochineal is depicted in the Codex Osuna (1565). [2]
These insects were used as a red dye since antiquity by the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Indians, Greeks, Romans, and Iranians. The dye also served a number of ritual and practical purposes in the Hebrew Bible. The kermes dye is a rich red, a crimson. It has good colour fastness in silk and wool.
Carmine (/ ˈkɑːrmən, ˈkɑːrmaɪn /) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright- red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. [1] Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470 ...
Cochineal is a deep purplish-red color, made from insects, which is also used as a dye and to color food products. [9] Cochineal was produced by the Incas to dye cotton from 700 BC. It was also used as a cosmetic and a pigment. The insects were raised on large plantations before the arrival of the Spanish.
These insects are known commonly as cochineals, [2] [3] a name that also specifically refers to the best-known species, the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus). The cochineal is an insect of economic and historical importance as a main source of the red dye carmine. It has reportedly been used for this purpose in the Americas since the 10th century. [2]
Polish cochineal (Porphyrophora polonica, Margarodes polonicus), also known as Polish carmine scales (Polish: czerwiec polski), is a scale insect formerly used to produce a crimson dye of the same name, colloquially known as "Saint John's blood". The larvae of P. polonica are sessile parasites living on the roots of various herbs – especially ...
This species is also one of several similar insects used to produce a strong red dye historically used to color wool and silk. [12] The dye originates in the hemolymph of the insect; the fluid analogous to blood. [4] While K. lacca is the most commonly cultivated species in many areas, the related K. yunnanensis is the most widely used species ...
Kermes. (insect) Kermes is a genus of scale insects in the order Hemiptera. They feed on the sap of oaks; the females produce a red dye, also called "kermes", that is the source of natural crimson. [1] The word "kermes" is derived from Turkish qirmiz or kirmizi (قرمز), "crimson" (both the colour and the dyestuff), [2] itself deriving from ...