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Philosophy of science is the branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. Amongst its central questions are the difference between science and non-science , the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose and meaning of science as a human endeavour.
For an alphabetical name-list, see Category:Philosophers of science This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .
Idealization (philosophy of science) Impact evaluation; Inquiry; International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science; International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology; International Union of History and Philosophy of Science; Intersubjective verifiability; Introduction to M-theory; Islamic bioethics
Philosophers of social science (5 C, 130 P) Pages in category "Philosophers of science" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 240 total.
The history and philosophy of science (HPS) is an academic discipline that encompasses the philosophy of science and the history of science. Although many scholars in the field are trained primarily as either historians or as philosophers, there are degree-granting departments of HPS at several prominent universities.
Absurdism – Academic skepticism – Achintya Bheda Abheda – Action, philosophy of – Actual idealism – Actualism – Advaita Vedanta – Aesthetic Realism – Aesthetics – African philosophy – Afrocentrism – Agential realism – Agnosticism – Agnostic theism – Ajātivāda – Ājīvika – Ajñana – Alexandrian school – Alexandrists – Ambedkarism – American philosophy ...
Karl Popper argued that science and ordinary life do not use induction, and induction is in fact a myth. Instead, knowledge is created by conjecture and criticism. The main role of observations and experiments in science, he argued, is in attempts to criticize and refute existing theories. [13]
In philosophy of science, typical examples of "unobservables" are the force of gravity, causation and beliefs or desires. [1]: 7 [2] The distinction between observable and unobservable plays a central role in Immanuel Kant's distinction between noumena and phenomena as well as in John Locke's distinction between primary and secondary qualities ...