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Intestinal metaplasia is the transformation of epithelium (usually of the stomach or the esophagus) into a type of epithelium resembling that found in the intestine. In the esophagus, this is called Barrett's esophagus .
The most common form of colon cancer is adenocarcinoma, constituting between 95% [2] and 98% [3] of all cases of colorectal cancer. Other, rarer types include lymphoma, adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinoma. Some subtypes have been found to be more aggressive. [4]
Metaplasia is an adaptation that replaces one type of epithelium with another that is more likely to be able to withstand the stresses it is faced with. It is also accompanied by a loss of endothelial function, and in some instances considered undesirable; this undesirability is underscored by the propensity for metaplastic regions to ...
In the colon, a field defect probably arises by natural selection of a mutant or epigenetically altered cell among the stem cells at the base of one of the intestinal crypts on the inside surface of the colon. A mutant or epigenetically altered stem cell may replace the other nearby stem cells by natural selection.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). [5] Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. [ 9 ]
Image of a colon showing deep ulceration due to Crohn's disease. Image of a serpiginous ulcer in the colon, a classic finding in Crohn's disease. Ileocolonoscopy is the primary procedure for diagnosing Crohn's disease in the ileum and colon, accurately identifying it in about 90% of cases. [27]
Juvenile polyposis syndrome is characterised by the presence of more than five polyps in the colon or rectum, or numerous juvenile polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, or any number of juvenile polyps in any person with a family history of juvenile polyposis. People with juvenile polyposis have an increased risk of colon cancer. [19]
M9961/3 Myelosclerosis with myeloid metaplasia Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis; Myelofibrosis as a result of myeloproliferative disease; Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia; Megakaryocytic myelosclerosis; Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia; M9962/3 Essential thrombocytemia. Idiopathic thrombocythemia; Essential/idiopathic hemorrhagic thrombocythemia