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The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
The Fatimid dynasty (Arabic: الفاطميون, romanized: al-Fāṭimiyyūn) was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Fatimid Caliphate, between 909 and 1171 CE. Descended from Fatima and Ali, and adhering to Isma'ili Shi'ism, they held the Isma'ili imamate, and were regarded as the rightful leaders of the Muslim community.
The Fatimid Caliphate (/ ˈ f æ t ɪ m ɪ d /; Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْفَاطِمِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
The weakness of the Abbasid regime allowed the creation of a number of Shi'a regimes in the remoter corners of the Islamic world, such as the Zaydi states in Tabaristan (in 864) and Yemen (in 897), [5] but most notably, it provided the opportunity for the massive spread of the clandestine millennialist Isma'ili missionary movement, which gave birth to the Qarmatians and the Fatimid Caliphate.
This intervention was a momentous event in the history of the Fatimid regime and Egypt: enfeebled by the constant civil wars, the country now became a prize in the contest between Damascus and Jerusalem, [13] a process that would end with the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate itself by Saladin in 1171. [14]
996–1021), salaries were paid eight times a year, but by al-Mustansir Billah's time (r. 1036–1094) this had changed to monthly payments, which was the system retained until the end of the Fatimid state. [4] Like the Abbasids before them, the Fatimids also awarded land grants to their troops for their upkeep.
Sitt al-Mulk (Arabic: ست الملك, lit. 'Lady of the Kingdom'; [1] 970–1023) was a Fatimid princess. After the disappearance of her half-brother, the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, in 1021, she was instrumental in securing the succession of her nephew Ali az-Zahir, and acted as the de facto ruler of the state until her death on 5 February 1023.
Ibn 'Ammar then took the title of Amīn ad-Dawla "the one trusted in the empire". [16] This was the first time that the term "empire" was associated with the Fatimid state. [16] Ibn Ammar's rule quickly descended into a Berber tyranny: he immediately began staffing the government with Berbers, who engaged in a virtual pillaging of the state ...