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PLA 2 enzymes are commonly found in mammalian tissues as well as arachnid, insect, and snake venom. [2] Venom from bees is largely composed of melittin, which is a stimulant of PLA 2. Due to the increased presence and activity of PLA 2 resulting from a snake or insect bite, arachidonic acid is released from the phospholipid membrane ...
Taipoxin is a potent myo- and neurotoxin that was isolated from the venom of the coastal taipan Oxyuranus scutellatus or also known as the common taipan. [1] Taipoxin like many other pre-synaptic neurotoxins are phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) toxins, which inhibit/complete block the release of the motor transmitter acetylcholine and lead to death by paralysis of the respiratory muscles (). [2]
Crotoxin (CTX) is the main toxic compound in the snake venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus.Crotoxin is a heterodimeric beta-neurotoxin, composed of an acidic, non-toxic and non-enzymatic subunit (CA), and a basic, weakly toxic, phospholipase A2 protein (CB).
Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva [1] ... Phospholipase A2 is one specific type of phospholipases found in snake venom. Snake example: Okinawan habu ...
Notexin consists of a single molecule. This molecule is a single-peptide chain of 119 amino acid residues that are cross-linked with 7 disulfide-bridges. [7]X-ray diffraction has been used to determine the crystal structure of notexin and led to the conclusion that notexin belongs to either the P3121 or P3221 space group with lattice parameters a = b = 74.6 Å, c = 49.0 Å with a β of 120⁰.
This toxin belongs to the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family but distinguishes itself by existing as a monomer, unlike some other PLA2 toxins. [2] It occurs naturally in the venom of the coral snake Micrurus dumerili carinicauda.
Despite containing a number of agents with phospholipase A2 activity, king brown snake venom exhibits little neurotoxicity. [55] The venom has multiple proteins with antibiotic activity, including two L-amino-acid oxidases (LAO1 and LAO2) that exhibit activity against the pathogenic bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, which is commonly present in ...
Endothelial lipase is primarily a phospholipase. [2] Phospholipase A 2 acts on the intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyzes the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom. The resulting products are lysolecithin and a fatty acid. Phospholipase A 2 is an enzyme present in the venom of bees, blennies and viper snakes. [3]