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Amargasaurus (/ ə ˌ m ɑːr ɡ ə ˈ s ɔː r ə s /; "La Amarga lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous epoch (129.4–122.46 mya) of what is now Argentina.The only known skeleton was discovered in 1984 and is virtually complete, including a fragmentary skull, making Amargasaurus one of the best-known sauropods of its epoch.
Amargasaurus probably fed at mid-height, as shown by the orientation of its inner ear and the articulation of its neck vertebrae, which suggest a habitual position of the snout some 80 centimeters (31 inches) above the ground and a maximum height of 2.7 meters (8.9 feet). Within the Sauropoda, Amargasaurus was a member of the family ...
Variation in neural spine sails across Dinosauria, clockwise from bottom left: Acrocanthosaurus, Amargasaurus, Spinosaurus, Limaysaurus, Ichthyovenator, and Ouranosaurus sail Sails (also: neural spine sails) are structures resulting from elongation of the vertebral neural spine s, typically in the dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae. They vary ...
Five vertebrae, a shoulder and hop bone, and a femur, with other poorly-preserved fragments [184] A diagram of one of the vertebrae from the holotype: Caulodon diversidens: AMNH 5768 [185] American Museum of Natural History: Exact age unknown, Kimmeridgian or Tithonian [185] Morrison Formation, Colorado: Eight teeth [185]
Mamenchisaurus (/ m ə ˌ m ʌ n tʃ i ˈ s ɔː r ə s / mə-MUN-chee-SOR-əs, Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide M or spelling pronunciation / m ə ˌ m ɛ n tʃ ɪ ˈ s ɔː r ə s /) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur known for their remarkably long necks [2] which made up nearly half the total body length. [3]
Tschopp includes Dyslocosaurus and Dystrophaeus as dicraeosaurids, two genera traditionally not considered to be part of Dicraeosauridae. The specimens of Dystrophaeus viamelae are highly fragmentary, with only a few bones available for study including an ulna, partial scapula, partial dorsal vertebrae, a distal radius, and some metacarpals.
The total number of neck vertebrae and length of the spines is based on Amargasaurus. Gallina and colleagues further speculated that the spines in both Amargasaurus and Bajadasaurus might have been used for defense. Due to its forward bend, the bifurcated neural spine of the supposed fifth neck vertebra would have reached past the head, and ...
Additionally, each vertebra was extremely long and had a number of empty spaces in them which would have been filled only with air. An air-sac system connected to the spaces not only lightened the long necks, but effectively increased the airflow through the trachea, helping the creatures to breathe in enough air.