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Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
However, not all persistent data structures are purely functional. [1]: 16 For example, a persistent array is a data-structure which is persistent and which is implemented using an array, thus is not purely functional. [citation needed] In the book Purely functional data structures, Okasaki compares destructive updates to master chef's knives.
A data structure known as a hash table.. In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. [1] [2] [3] More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, [4] i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
For a structure that isn't ordered, on the other hand, no assumptions can be made about the ordering of the elements (although a physical implementation of these data types will often apply some kind of arbitrary ordering).
A retrieval data structure can be used to construct a perfect hash function: First insert the keys into a cuckoo hash table with = hash functions and buckets of size 1. Then, for every key store the index of the hash function that lead to a key's insertion into the hash table in a r {\displaystyle r} -bit retrieval data structure D ...
Purely functional data structures are often represented in a different way to their imperative counterparts. [78] For example, the array with constant access and update times is a basic component of most imperative languages, and many imperative data-structures, such as the hash table and binary heap, are based on arrays.
A list-zipper always represents the entire data structure. However, this information is from the perspective of a specific location within that data structure. Consequently, a list-zipper is a pair consisting of both the location as a context or starting point, and a recording or path that permits reconstruction from that starting location.
In computer science, a disjoint-set data structure, also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection of disjoint (non-overlapping) sets. Equivalently, it stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets .