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In statistics, Cook's distance or Cook's D is a commonly used estimate of the influence of a data point when performing a least-squares regression analysis. [1] In a practical ordinary least squares analysis, Cook's distance can be used in several ways: to indicate influential data points that are particularly worth checking for validity; or to indicate regions of the design space where it ...
Income distribution has always been a central concern of economic theory and economic policy. Classical economists such as Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were mainly concerned with factor income distribution, that is, the distribution of income between the main factors of production, land, labour and capital.
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]
In economics, distribution is the way total output, income, or wealth is distributed among individuals or among the factors of production (such as labour, land, and capital). [1] In general theory and in for example the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts , each unit of output corresponds to a unit of income.
The Lorenz curve is a probability plot (a P–P plot) comparing the distribution of a variable against a hypothetical uniform distribution of that variable. It can usually be represented by a function L ( F ), where F , the cumulative portion of the population, is represented by the horizontal axis, and L , the cumulative portion of the total ...
The measurement of income from individuals and households, which is necessary to produce statistics such as the median, can pose challenges and yield results inconsistent with aggregate national accounts data. For example, an academic study on the Census income data claims that when correcting for underreporting, U.S. median gross household ...
Dividends are distributions from companies to shareholders. Although some companies pay dividends in shares of their stock, traditional dividends are distributed in cash, often quarterly. For...
Pen's Parade or The Income Parade is a concept described in a 1971 book published by Dutch economist Jan Pen describing income distribution.The parade is defined as a succession of every person in the economy, with their height proportional to their income, and ordered from lowest to greatest.