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Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays. [2] It was the first probe to encounter Saturn, the second to fly through the asteroid belt, and the second to fly by Jupiter.
It overtook Pioneer 11 in 1981, [13] and then Pioneer 10—becoming the probe farthest from the Sun—on February 17, 1998. [14] Voyager 2 is moving faster than all other probes launched before it; it overtook Pioneer 11 in the late 1980s and then Pioneer 10 — becoming the second-farthest spacecraft from the Sun — on July 18, 2023. [15] [16]
Pioneer 10 / 11. Five years after the early Able space probe missions ended, ... In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner Solar System, ...
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On 2 December 1974, Pioneer 11 made a close flyby of Jupiter, passing under the planet's southern pole before being propelled toward Saturn through its northern pole. On 1 September 1979, Pioneer 11 passed within 13,000 mi (21,000 km) of the planet's cloud tops at a speed of 71,000 mph (114,000 km/h).
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Approved by NASA in February 1969, [10] the twin spacecraft were designated Pioneer F and Pioneer G before launch; later, they were named Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 respectively. They formed part of the Pioneer program, [11] a series of United States uncrewed space missions launched between 1958 and 1978. This model was the first in the series ...