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Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula.
The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays. A hard rock type such as granite is resistant to erosion and creates a promontory whilst a softer rock type such as the clays of Bagshot Beds is easily eroded creating a bay.
This list catalogues about 400 of the coastal landforms of the island including bays, estuaries, harbours, headlands, and many others. [3] [4] [5] Most offshore features such as islands, stags , and rocks are omitted but are presented at List of islands of Ireland. A list of beaches is available at List of beaches in Ireland.
Bays also form through coastal erosion by rivers and glaciers. [7] A bay formed by a glacier is a fjord. Rias are created by rivers and are characterised by more gradual slopes. Deposits of softer rocks erode more rapidly, forming bays, while harder rocks erode less quickly, leaving headlands.
Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight is an example of an area of concordant coastline - the town of Freshwater is situated on a cove which formed in the hard chalk coastline.. In coastal geography, a concordant, longitudinal, or Pacific type coastline occurs where beds, or layers, of differing rock types are folded into ridges that run parallel to the coast. [1]
Cape of Good Hope (left) and Cape Hangklip (right) in South Africa, from space Cape Tisan in Mersin Province, Turkey Cape Tindari and Marinello lagoons, Sicily. In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. [1]
Collapsed Ordovician limestone bank showing coastal erosion.NW Osmussaar, Estonia.. Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
The coastline of the United Kingdom is formed by a variety of natural features including islands, bays, headlands and peninsulas. It consists of the coastline of the island of Great Britain, the north-east coast of the island of Ireland, as well as many much smaller islands. Much of the coastline is accessible and quite varied in geography and ...