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2. List of gasoline additives - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gasoline_additives

   Fuel additives in the United States are regulated under section 211 of the Clean Air Act (as amended in January 1995). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the registration of all fuel additives which are commercially distributed for use in highway motor vehicles in the United States, [8] and may require testing and ban harmful additives.

3. Catalytic reforming - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforming

   Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert naphthas from crude oil into liquid products called reformates, which are premium "blending stocks" for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially ...

4. Engine knocking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_knocking

   This way performance is kept at its optimum while mostly eliminating the risk of engine damage caused by knock (e.g. when running on low octane fuel). [5] An early example of this is in turbocharged Saab H engines , where a system called Automatic Performance Control was used to reduce boost pressure if it caused the engine to knock.

5. Gasoline - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline

   The fuel-characteristics of a particular gasoline-blend, which will resist igniting too early are measured as the octane rating of the fuel blend. Gasoline blends with stable octane ratings are produced in several fuel-grades for various types of motors. A low octane rated fuel may cause engine knocking and reduced efficiency in reciprocating ...

6. Petroleum refining processes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_refining_processes

   Petroleum refinery in Anacortes, Washington, United States. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries (also referred to as oil refineries) to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils.

7. Fluid catalytic cracking - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_catalytic_cracking

   A typical fluid catalytic cracking unit in a petroleum refinery. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in petroleum refineries to convert the high-boiling point, high-molecular weight hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum (crude oils) into gasoline, alkene gases, and other petroleum products.

8. Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcyclopentadienyl...

   Although initially marketed in 1958 as a smoke suppressant for gas turbines, MMT was further developed as an octane enhancer in 1974. When the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered the phase out of TEL in gasoline in 1973, new fuel additives were sought. TEL has been used in certain countries as an additive to increase the ...

9. Octane rating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane_rating

   An octane rating, or octane number, is a standard measure of a fuel's ability to withstand compression in an internal combustion engine without causing engine knocking.The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating.