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Drying colored cloth Chemical structure of indigo dye, the blue coloration of blue jeans. Although once extracted from plants, indigo dye is now almost exclusively synthesized industrially. [1] A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the material to which it is being applied.
Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. Dye molecules are fixed to the fiber by absorption, diffusion, or bonding with temperature and time being key controlling factors. The bond between the dye molecule and fiber may be strong or weak, depending on the dye used.
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color. Indigo is a natural dye obtained from the leaves of some plants of the Indigofera genus, in particular Indigofera tinctoria. Dye-bearing Indigofera plants were once common throughout the world. It is now produced via chemical routes. Blue colorants are rare.
An acid dye is a dye that is typically applied to a textile at low pH. They are mainly used to dye wool, not cotton fabrics. [1] Some acid dyes are used as food colorants, [2] [3] and some can also be used to stain organelles in the medical field. Acid dyes are anionic, soluble in water and are essentially applied from acidic bath.
This is a list of dyes with Colour Index International generic names and numbers and CAS Registry numbers. This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items.
The production and improvement of colorants was a driver of the early synthetic chemical industry, in fact many of today's largest chemical producers started as dye-works in the late 19th or early 20th centuries, including Bayer AG(1863). [2]
The majority of plant dyes, however, also require the use of a mordant, a chemical used to "fix" the color in the textile fibres. These dyes are called adjective dyes or "mordant dyes". By using different mordants, dyers can often obtain a variety of colors and shades from the same dye, as many mordants not only fix the natural dye compounds to ...
The colorant was discovered by Swiss chemist Karl Kussmaul at the University of Basel in 1876 and soon commercialized by local Bindschedler & Busch company for dyeing wool and silk. [4] [5] Its use as a food dye was legalized in the US by the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. [6]