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Spectral layout drawing of random small-world network. For comparison, the same graph plotted as spring graph drawing. Spectral layout is a class of algorithm for drawing graphs. The layout uses the eigenvectors of a matrix, such as the Laplace matrix of the graph, as Cartesian coordinates of the graph's vertices.
In this context the projection is called the equal-area hemispherical projection. The Schmidt net is often used to sketch out the Lambert azimuthal projection for these purposes. [ 1 ] Conversely, the Wulff net ("equal-angle projection") is used to plot crystallographic axes and faces.
A diagram indicating the equivalent width corresponding to the absorption line, which is shown in red. The equivalent width of a spectral line is a measure of the area of the line on a plot of intensity versus wavelength in relation to underlying continuum level. It is found by forming a rectangle with a height equal to that of continuum ...
The smallest pair of cospectral mates is {K 1,4, C 4 ∪ K 1}, comprising the 5-vertex star and the graph union of the 4-vertex cycle and the single-vertex graph [1]. The first example of cospectral graphs was reported by Collatz and Sinogowitz [2] in 1957. The smallest pair of polyhedral cospectral mates are enneahedra with eight vertices each ...
Spectral shape analysis relies on the spectrum (eigenvalues and/or eigenfunctions) of the Laplace–Beltrami operator to compare and analyze geometric shapes. Since the spectrum of the Laplace–Beltrami operator is invariant under isometries, it is well suited for the analysis or retrieval of non-rigid shapes, i.e. bendable objects such as humans, animals, plants, etc.
In the mathematical field of spectral graph theory, a Ramanujan graph is a regular graph whose spectral gap is almost as large as possible (see extremal graph theory).Such graphs are excellent spectral expanders.
Given a simple graph with vertices , …,, its Laplacian matrix is defined element-wise as [1],:= { = , or equivalently by the matrix =, where D is the degree matrix, and A is the graph's adjacency matrix.
In cartography, an equivalent, authalic, or equal-area projection is a map projection that preserves relative area measure between any and all map regions. Equivalent projections are widely used for thematic maps showing scenario distribution such as population, farmland distribution, forested areas, and so forth, because an equal-area map does ...