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  2. Four causes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes

    The efficient or moving cause of a change or movement. This consists of things apart from the thing being changed or moved, which interact so as to be an agency of the change or movement. For example, the efficient cause of a table is a carpenter, or a person working as one, and according to Aristotle the efficient cause of a child is a parent.

  3. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    Examples: Socrates takes a walk after dinner for the sake of his health; earth falls to the lowest level because that is its nature. Of Aristotle's four kinds or explanatory modes, only one, the 'efficient cause' is a cause as defined in the leading paragraph of this present article.

  4. Occasionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occasionalism

    Occasionalism is a philosophical doctrine about causation which says that created substances cannot be efficient causes of events. Instead, all events are taken to be caused directly by God . (A related concept, which has been called "occasional causation", also denies a link of efficient causation between mundane events, but may differ as to ...

  5. Effective altruism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_altruism

    Effective altruism (EA) is a 21st-century philosophical and social movement that advocates impartially calculating benefits and prioritizing causes to provide the greatest good. It is motivated by "using evidence and reason to figure out how to benefit others as much as possible, and taking action on that basis".

  6. Jevons paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox

    An increase in the efficiency with which a resource (e.g., fuel) is used causes a decrease in the cost of using that resource when measured in terms of what it can achieve (e.g., travel). Generally speaking, a decrease in the cost (or price) of a good or service will increase the quantity demanded (the law of demand ).

  7. Efficient causation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Efficient_causation&...

    This page was last edited on 26 July 2011, at 19:25 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may ...

  8. Causative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causative

    A derived sentence would be the causativized variant of the underlying sentence. The causer is the new argument in a causative expression that causes the action to be done. The causer is the new argument brought into a derived sentence. In the example sentence above, John is the causer.

  9. Cosmological argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_argument

    The second way is from the nature of the efficient cause. In the world of sense we find there is an order of efficient causes. There is no case known (neither is it, indeed, possible) in which a thing is found to be the efficient cause of itself; for so it would be prior to itself, which is impossible.