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The geology of Ethiopia includes rocks of the Neoproterozoic East African Orogeny, Jurassic marine sediments and Quaternary rift-related volcanism. Events that greatly shaped Ethiopian geology is the assembly and break-up of Gondwana and the present-day rifting of Africa.
The Danakil Depression is a plain approximately 200 by 50 km (124 by 31 mi), lying in the north of the Afar Region of Ethiopia, near the border with Eritrea. It is about 125 m (410 ft) below sea level and is bordered to the west by the Ethiopian Plateau and to the east by the Danakil Alps , beyond which is the Red Sea.
The Depression overlaps the borders of Eritrea, Djibouti and the entire Afar Region of Ethiopia; and it contains the lowest point in Africa, Lake Assal, Djibouti, at 155 m (509 ft) below sea level. The Awash River is the main waterflow into the region, but it runs dry during the annual dry season, and ends as a chain of saline lakes .
The Blue Nile Basin is a major geological structure in the northwestern Ethiopian Plateau formed in the Mesozoic Era during a period of crustal extension associated with the break-up of Gondwana, and filled with sedimentary deposits. The modern Blue Nile river cuts across part of the sedimentary basin. [1]
The Bale Mountains are separated from the larger part of the Ethiopian highlands by the Great Rift Valley, one of the longest and most profound chasms in Ethiopia. The highest peaks of that range include Tullu Demtu , the second-highest mountain in Ethiopia (4,377 m or 14,360 ft), Batu (4,307 m or 14,131 ft), Chilalo (4,036 m or 13,241 ft) and ...
Sanetti Plateau in Ethiopia. Ethiopian wolf with Helichrysum citrispinum - both are endemic species. The Sanetti Plateau is a major plateau of the Ethiopian Highlands, in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. The plateau is the highest part of the Bale Mountains, and is located within Bale Mountains National Park. [1]
The Adigrat Sandstone formation in north Ethiopia, in a wide array of reddish colours, comprises sandstones with coarse to fine grains, and locally conglomerates, silt- and claystones. Given the many lateritic palaeosols and locally fossil wood fragments, the formation is interpreted as a deposit in estuarine , lacustrine-deltaic or continental ...
The Mugher Mudstone is a geologic formation located in Ethiopia. It dates to the Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic. The lithology consists of gypsum, dolomite and shale alternations at the base, overlain by mudstone intercalated with fine to medium grained sandstone. [1] Indeterminate dromaeosaurid teeth are known from the formation. [2]