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The lesser curvature of the stomach forms the upper right or medial border of the stomach. [3] The lesser curvature of the stomach travels between the cardiac and pyloric orifices . It descends as a continuation of the right margin of the esophagus in front of the fibers of the right crus of the diaphragm , and then, turning to the right, it ...
It is in relation, by its upper surface, with the liver and gall-bladder, the greater curvature of the stomach, and the lower end of the spleen; by its under surface, with the small intestine; by its anterior surface, with the posterior layer of the greater omentum and the abdominal wall; its posterior surface is in relation from right to left ...
This definition is equivalent to the definition of convex curves from support lines. Every convex curve, defined as a curve with a support line through each point, is a subset of the boundary of its own convex hull. Every connected subset of the boundary of a convex set has a support line through each of its points. [8] [9] [19]
Lordosis is historically defined as an abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar spine. [1] [2] However, the terms lordosis and lordotic are also used to refer to the normal inward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the human spine. [3] [4] Similarly, kyphosis historically refers to abnormal convex curvature of the spine
Where the waist is convex rather than concave, as in pregnancy and obesity, the waist may be measured at a vertical level 1 inch above the navel. [ 3 ] Strictly, the waist circumference is measured at a level midway between the lowest palpable rib and the iliac crest , [ 4 ] respectively typically 60% and 64% of total height. [ 5 ]
The two layers of the greater omentum descend from the greater curvature of the stomach and the beginning of the duodenum. [2] They pass in front of the small intestines, sometimes as low as the pelvis, before turning on themselves, and ascending as far as the transverse colon, where they separate and enclose that part of the intestine. [2]
The standard method for assessing the curvature quantitatively is measuring the Cobb angle, which is the angle between two lines, drawn perpendicular to the upper endplate of the uppermost vertebra involved and the lower endplate of the lowest vertebra involved. For people with two curves, Cobb angles are followed for both curves.
The normal curvature, k n, is the curvature of the curve projected onto the plane containing the curve's tangent T and the surface normal u; the geodesic curvature, k g, is the curvature of the curve projected onto the surface's tangent plane; and the geodesic torsion (or relative torsion), τ r, measures the rate of change of the surface ...