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The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots, stems, and prefixes commonly used in the English language from P to Z. See also the lists from A to G and from H to O . Some of those used in medicine and medical technology are not listed here but instead in the entry for List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes .
In morphology, a root is a morphologically simple unit which can be left bare or to which a prefix or a suffix can attach. [2] [3] The root word is the primary lexical unit of a word, and of a word family (this root is then called the base word), which carries aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents.
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples sacc-[1]bag: Greek: σάκκος (sákkos): sack sacchar-[2]sugar: Greek: σάκχαρ, σάκχαρον (sákkharon)
Root Meaning in English Origin language Etymology (root origin) English examples rad-, ras-scrape, shave: Latin: rādere, rāsus: abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade ...
Morphemes include roots that can exist as words by themselves, but also categories such as affixes that can only appear as part of a larger word. For example, in English the root catch and the suffix -ing are both morphemes; catch may appear as its own word, or it may be combined with -ing to form the new word catching. Morphology also analyzes ...
For example, in the word happiness, the addition of the bound morpheme -ness to the root happy changes the word from an adjective (happy) to a noun (happiness). In the word unkind, un-functions as a derivational morpheme since it inverts the meaning of the root morpheme (word) kind. Generally, morphemes that affix to a root morpheme (word) are ...
As customary, the Cyrillic script has a stiffer structure, but both letters have common roots in historical cursive forms of the Greek letter zeta Ζ ζ . [citation needed] However, Latin ezh and Cyrillic ze represent different phonemes: the former generally represents /ʒ/, while the latter represents /z/.
Words with zero suffix are termed root verbs and root nouns. An example is *h₁és-mi / *h₁és-∅-mi '[I] am'. [3] Beyond this basic structure, there is the nasal infix which functions as a present tense marker, and reduplication, a prefix with a number of grammatical and derivational functions. [4]