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In computer operating systems, union mounting is a way of combining multiple directories into one that appears to contain their combined contents. [1] Union mounting is supported in Linux , BSD and several of its successors, and Plan 9 , with similar but subtly different behavior.
Unionfs is a filesystem service for Linux, FreeBSD and NetBSD which implements a union mount for other file systems.It allows files and directories of separate file systems, known as branches, to be transparently overlaid, forming a single coherent file system.
OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in a single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources.
Modern Linux distributions include a /sys directory as a virtual filesystem (sysfs, comparable to /proc, which is a procfs), which stores and allows modification of the devices connected to the system, [20] whereas many traditional Unix-like operating systems use /sys as a symbolic link to the kernel source tree.
In the C language, the POSIX function chdir() effects the system call which changes the working directory. [11] Its argument is a text string with a path to the new directory, either absolute or relative to the old one. Where available, it can be called by a process to set its working directory. There are similar functions in other languages.
Plan 9's union directory architecture inspired 4.4BSD and Linux union file system implementations, [45] although the developers of the BSD union mounting facility found the non-recursive merging of directories in Plan 9 "too restrictive for general purpose use". [46]
In modern systems, a directory can contain a mix of files and subdirectories. A reference to a location in a directory system is called a path. In many operating systems, programs have an associated working directory in which they execute. Typically, file names accessed by the program are assumed to reside within this directory if the file ...
Across Unix-like operating systems many different configuration-file formats exist, with each application or service potentially having a unique format, but there is a strong tradition of them being in human-editable plain text, and a simple key–value pair format is common.