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p Total is the total fluid pressure. p Static is the static pressure, which strictly depends on depth. p Dynamic is the fluid pressure caused by fluid motion. Since water is an incompressible fluid, the dynamic pressure component of the total pressure can be expressed in terms of the water density and the water velocity as is shown in Equation 2.
They include depth gauges for underwater diving and similar applications. A diving depth gauge is a pressure gauge that displays the equivalent depth below the free surface in water. The relationship between depth and pressure is linear and accurate enough for most practical purposes, and for many purposes, such as diving, it is actually the ...
The parent of all mercury pressure gauges is the mercury barometer invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643. [15] An early engineering application of the mercury pressure gauge was to measure pressure in steam boilers during the age of steam. The first use on steam engines was by James Watt while developing the Watt steam engine between 1763 ...
A tachometer that can indicate up to 7000 RPM (left) A tachometer (revolution-counter, tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. [1] The device usually displays the revolutions per minute (RPM) on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are ...
Another application is a similar arrangement in some fuel tanks used in control line model airplanes, where it is called a "uniflow" tank, where the tank venting tubing goes to the end of the prismatic tank, close to the fuel pick-up tube that feeds the engine; thus, when fuel is consumed, the uniflow tank supplies approximately the same ...
The sea temperature at the water sampling depth is recorded by means of a reversing thermometer fixed to the Nansen bottle. This is a mercury thermometer with a constriction in its capillary tube which, when the thermometer is inverted, causes the thread to break and trap the mercury, fixing the temperature reading. [ 1 ]
The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing directly into the oncoming fluid flow. Pressure in the tube can be measured as the moving fluid cannot escape and stagnates. This pressure is the stagnation pressure of the fluid, also known as the total pressure or (particularly in aviation) the pitot pressure.
An elevated water tank, also known as a water tower, will create a pressure at the ground-level outlet of 1 kPa per 10.2 centimetres (4.0 in) or 1 psi per 2.31 feet (0.70 m) of elevation. Thus a tank elevated to 20 metres creates about 200 kPa and a tank elevated to 70 feet creates about 30 psi of discharge pressure, sufficient for most ...