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For example, a "W250x33" beam is approximately 250 millimetres (9.8 in) in depth (height of the I-beam from the outer face of one flange to the outer face of the other flange) and weighs approximately 33 kg/m (22 lb/ft; 67 lb/yd). [8] I-beams are still available in US sizes from many Canadian manufacturers.
In a plate girder bridge, the plate girders are typically I-beams made up from separate structural steel plates (rather than rolled as a single cross-section), which are welded or, in older bridges, bolted or riveted together to form the vertical web and horizontal flanges of the beam. In some cases, the plate girders may be formed in a Z-shape ...
Therefore, the connection of the braces to beams and columns can greatly affect the performance of the brace in the case of a seismic event. Typically, the brace is attached to a gusset plate, which in turn is welded to the beam and/or column that the brace will be attached to. Usually three types of connections are used for BRBs:
Rail profile (asymmetrical Ɪ-beam) Railway rail; Vignoles rail; Flanged R rail; Grooved rail; Bar, a long piece with a rectangular cross section, but not so wide so as to be called a sheet. Rod, a round or square section long compared to its width; see also rebar and dowel. Plate, metal sheets thicker than 6 mm or 1 ⁄ 4 in. Open web steel joist
Gusset plates are used to connect beams and columns together or to connect truss members. They can be either the only way of connecting the beam and columns or they can be used with bolts and welds. Gusset plates are therefore used in most metal weight-bearing structures, but the material and size of the gusset plate varies based on the structure.
Common sizes are from 9 ⁄ 16 to 10 ⁄ 16 inch (14 to 16 mm) square and 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 6 inches (140 to 150 mm) long. [ 10 ] : 582–583 A rail spike is roughly chisel-shaped and with a flat edged point; the spike is driven with the edge perpendicular to the grain, which gives greater resistance to loosening. [ 11 ]
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A girder (/ ˈ ɡ ɜːr d ər /) is a beam used in construction. [1] It is the main horizontal support of a structure which supports smaller beams. Girders often have an I-beam cross section composed of two load-bearing flanges separated by a stabilizing web, but may also have a box shape, Z shape, or other forms. Girders are commonly used to ...