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Prince Edward Island [a] is an island province of Canada. While it is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, it is the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", "Birthplace of Confederation" and "Cradle of Confederation". [8] Its capital and largest city is Charlottetown.
A map of Canada, showing Prince Edward Island in red. Distribution of Prince Edward Island's 72 municipalities by municipal status type as of 2017. Prince Edward Island is the least populous province in Canada with 154,331 residents as of the 2021 census and is the smallest in land area at 5,681.18 km 2 (2,193.52 sq mi). [1]
The current system of land division in Prince Edward Island, including its three counties, dates to a series of surveys undertaken in 1764-65 by Captain Samuel Holland of the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers. Holland's survey saw the island divided into the three counties, each of which had a "royalty" (or shire town) as a county seat.
MacKinnon characterized the Government of Prince Edward Island as being located in a “small place” and an “unusual example of local democracy”. Throughout the 1990’s, the public service went through significant change with budget cuts and the introduction of new ways of thinking about governance and management.
[1] [2] The first National Historic Site to be designated in Prince Edward Island was Jean-Pierre Roma at Three Rivers in 1933. Numerous National Historic Events also occurred in P.E.I., and are identified at places associated with them, using the same style of federal plaque which marks National Historic Sites.
The geography of Prince Edward Island is mostly pastoral with red soil, white sand, and scattered communities. Known as the "Garden of the Gulf", the island is located in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence north of Nova Scotia and east of New Brunswick , with which it forms the Northumberland Strait .
The politics of Prince Edward Island are centred on a provincial government resembling that of the other Canadian provinces. The capital of the province of Prince Edward Island is Charlottetown , where the lieutenant governor and the premier reside, and where the provincial legislature and cabinet are located.
In September 1864, Prince Edward Island hosted the Charlottetown Conference, which was the first meeting in the process leading to Confederation and the creation of Canada in 1867. Prince Edward Island did not find the terms of union favourable and balked at joining in 1867, choosing to remain a separate British colony.