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Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 4.It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer.Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.
In the 1950s it bought Eston Chemicals, Western Electrochemical, and the Lindsay Chemical Company and further diversified its product line. During the Cold war era it produced ammonium perchlorate for U.S. missile industry, particularly for Falcon, Hawk, Minuteman, Nike Zeus, Pershing, Polaris, Scout, Sergeant, Tartar missiles. [8]
The Smith Chemical Company was started in G. Frederick Smith's garage in Urbana, Illinois as a result of his use of magnesium perchlorate as a super drying agent. [9] [10] [13] Smith enlisted the help of his brothers Allyne (who studied engineering at Ohio State) and Clarence (who worked for a local newspaper).
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur , not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
Perchlorate contamination is caused during both the manufacture and ignition of rockets and fireworks. [4] Fireworks are also a source of perchlorate in lakes. [52] Removal and recovery methods of these compounds from explosives and rocket propellants include high-pressure water washout, which generates aqueous ammonium perchlorate.
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In contact with potassium nitrate (e.g. in black powder) produces potassium perchlorate and hygroscopic ammonium nitrate; no such reaction with sodium nitrate. Reacts with potassium chlorate, producing unstable, gradually decomposing ammonium chlorate; such combination has to be avoided. [1] Nitronium perchlorate
The perchlorate is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, in chromatography and as a supporting electrolyte in electrochemistry. [3] Along with trimethylammonium perchlorate, it was investigated as a component in composite propellants during the Cold War, but without much success.