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In Early Buddhism, the five precepts were regarded as an ethic of restraint, to restrain unwholesome tendencies and thereby purify one's being to attain enlightenment. [1] [33] The five precepts were based on the pañcaśīla, prohibitions for pre-Buddhist Brahmanic priests, which were adopted in many Indic religions around 6th century BCE.
The eight precepts are meant to give lay people an impression of what it means to live as a monastic, [15] [16] and the precepts "may function as the thin end of a wedge for attracting some to monastic life". [17] People who are observing the eight precepts are sometimes also addressed differently.
It is also one of the central precepts of Hinduism and is the first of the five precepts of Buddhism. Ahimsa is [5] inspired by the premise that all living beings have the spark of the divine spiritual energy; therefore, to hurt another being is to hurt oneself. Ahimsa is also related to the notion that all acts of violence have karmic ...
It further claims that this awareness is eternal, and once this awareness is achieved, a person cannot ever cease being aware; this is moksha, the soteriological goal in Hinduism. [web 1] Book 3 of Patanjali's Yogasutra is dedicated to soteriological aspects of yoga philosophy. Patanjali begins by stating that all limbs of yoga are a necessary ...
The earliest mention of yamas is found in the Hindu scripture Rigveda, such as in verse 5.61.2, and later in the Jain Agamas. [1] [7] [8] The word yama in the Rigveda means a "rein, curb", the act of checking or curbing, restraining such as by a charioteer or a driver. [1] The term evolves into a moral restraint and ethical duty in the Jain Agamas.
[1] [2] The oldest sutras of Hinduism are found in the Brahmana and Aranyaka layers of the Vedas. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Every school of Hindu philosophy , Vedic guides for rites of passage, various fields of arts, law, and social ethics developed respective sutras, which help teach and transmit ideas from one generation to the next.
The eight precepts is a list of precepts that are observed by lay devotees on observance days and festivals. [9] They include general precepts such as refraining from killing, but also more specific ones, such as abstaining from cosmetics. [11] These precepts were probably based on pre-Buddhist sāmaṇa practices. [12]
A key innovation of the Yogācāra school was the doctrine of eight consciousnesses. [1] These "eight bodies of consciousnesses" (aṣṭa vijñānakāyāḥ) are: the five sense-consciousnesses (of seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and bodily sense), mentation (mano or citta), the defiled self-consciousness (kliṣṭamanovijñāna), [53] and ...