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Shadowgraph is an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media like air, water, or glass. It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation.
A typical application in gas dynamics is the study of shock waves in ballistics and supersonic or hypersonic vehicles. Flows caused by heating, physical absorption [10] or chemical reactions can be visualised. Thus schlieren photography can be used in many engineering problems such as heat transfer, leak detection, study of boundary layer ...
A list of chemical analysis methods with acronyms. A. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) ...
Shadowgraph or shadowgram, an optical method that reveals non-uniformities in transparent media Optical comparator , a device that creates silhouettes of manufactured parts for inspection Shadowgraph, an electromagnetic and optical device once used as an alternative to magic eye tube
Phosphate tests test for phosphate; The sodium fusion test tests for the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and halides in a sample; The Zerewitinoff determination tests for any acidic hydrogen; The Oddy test tests for acid, aldehydes, and sulfides; Gunzberg's test tests for the presence of hydrochloric acid; Kelling's test tests for the presence of ...
These are visualized by optical methods known as the shadowgraph, schlieren photography, and interferometry. More directly, dyes can be added to (usually liquid) flows to measure concentrations; typically employing the light attenuation or laser-induced fluorescence techniques. In scientific visualization flows are visualized with two main methods:
A knife edge at the point source-image location is positioned as to partially block some light from reaching the viewing screen. The illumination of the image is reduced uniformly. A second lens is used to image the test section to the viewing screen. The viewing screen is located a conjugate distance from the plane of the schliere.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a non-intrusive optical flow measurement technique used to study fluid flow patterns and velocities. PIV has found widespread applications in various fields of science and engineering, including aerodynamics, combustion, oceanography, and biofluids.