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When the active array contains no more processes, the scheduler swaps the active and expired arrays, hence the name O(1) scheduler. In UNIX or Linux, the sar command is used to check the run queue. The vmstat UNIX or Linux command can also be used to determine the number of processes that are queued to run or waiting to run. These appear in the ...
pstree is a Linux command that shows the running processes as a tree [1] [2] [3]. It is used as a more visual alternative to the ps command. The root of the tree is either init or the process with the given pid. It can also be installed in other Unix systems. In BSD systems, a similar output is created using ps -d, in Linux ps axjf [4] produces ...
Microsoft Windows has the tasklist command and the graphical Task Manager utility. IBM AIX has an updating running processes list as part of the topas and topas_nmon commands. The load average numbers in Linux refers to the sum of the number of processes waiting in the run-queue plus the number currently executing. The number is absolute, not ...
(For example, the "e" or "-e" option will display environment variables.) On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non-standard options aux , where "a" lists all processes on a terminal , including those of other users, "x" lists all processes without controlling terminals and "u" adds a column for the controlling user for each process.
On Microsoft Windows tasklist shows all of the different local computer processes currently running. tasklist may also be used to show the processes of a remote system by using the command: tasklist /S "SYSTEM". Optionally, they can be listed sorted by either the imagename, the PID or the amount of computer usage.
A request to the OS is usually in the form of a system call, (i.e. a call from the running process to a function that is part of the OS code). For example, a process might become BLOCKED if it is requesting a file from disk or a saving a section of code or data from memory to a file on disk.
As a simple example, when two otherwise identical CPU-bound processes are running simultaneously on a single-CPU Linux system, each one's share of the CPU time will be proportional to 20 − p, where p is the process' priority. Thus a process, run with nice +15, will receive 25% of the CPU time allocated to a normal-priority process: (20 − 15 ...
The parent may, for example, wait for the child to terminate with the waitpid() function, or terminate the process with kill(). There are two tasks with specially distinguished process IDs: PID 0 is used for swapper or sched, which is part of the kernel and is a process that runs on a CPU core whenever that CPU core has nothing else to do. [1]