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Myostatin is a myokine that is produced and released by myocytes and acts on muscle cells to inhibit muscle growth. [7] Myostatin is a secreted growth differentiation factor that is a member of the TGF beta protein family. [8] [9] Myostatin is assembled and produced in skeletal muscle before it is released into the blood stream. [10]
Myostatin inhibitors are a class of drugs that work by blocking the effect of myostatin, which inhibits muscle growth. In animal models and limited human studies, myostatin inhibitors have increased muscle size. They are being developed to treat obesity, sarcopenia, muscular dystrophy, and other illnesses.
Myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy is a rare genetic condition characterized by reduced body fat and increased skeletal muscle size. [1] Affected individuals have up to twice the usual amount of muscle mass in their bodies, but increases in muscle strength are not usually congruent. [ 2 ]
The definition and use of the term myokine first occurred in 2003. [5] In 2008, the first myokine, myostatin, was identified. [4] [6] The gp130 receptor cytokine IL-6 (Interleukin 6) was the first myokine found to be secreted into the blood stream in response to muscle contractions.
10220 14561 Ensembl ENSG00000135414 ENSMUSG00000025352 UniProt O95390 Q9Z1W4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005811 NM_010272 RefSeq (protein) NP_005802 NP_034402 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 55.74 – 55.76 Mb Chr 10: 128.72 – 128.73 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in ...
Apitegromab (SRK-015) is a fully human monoclonal antibody developed to treat spinal muscular atrophy.It works by binding to and inhibiting promyostatin, a precursor to myostatin, which limits the size of skeletal muscle tissue, as well as inactive myostatin.
Diagnosis can be supported by blood tests for specific antibodies, the edrophonium test, electromyography (EMG), or a nerve conduction study. [1] Myasthenia gravis is generally treated with medications known as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and pyridostigmine. [1]
Double-muscled cattle are breeds of cattle that carry one of seven known mutations that limits and reduces the activity of the myostatin protein. Normally, myostatin limits the number of muscle fibers present at birth, and interfering with activity of this protein causes animals to be born with higher numbers of muscle fibers, consequently augmenting muscle growth.