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The history of the Republic of Singapore began when Singapore was expelled from Malaysia and became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. [1] After the separation, the fledgling nation had to become self-sufficient, however was faced with problems including mass unemployment, housing shortages and lack of land and natural resources such as petroleum.
Singapore was granted full internal self-government in 1959, but the colonial administration still controlled external relations and shared control of several key internal policies such as internal security. In 1963, Singapore joined Malaysia, relieving it of colonial rule and becoming an autonomous state within the Malaysian federation.
Foreign minister Sinnathamby Rajaratnam headed a new foreign service that helped assert Singapore's independence and establishing diplomatic relations with other countries. [92] On 22 December 1965, the Constitution Amendment Act was passed under which the Head of State became the President and the State of Singapore became the Republic of ...
After independence, the government began a deliberate process of crafting a uniquely Singaporean identity and culture. [495] Singapore has a reputation as a nanny state. [496] [497] The government also places a heavy emphasis on meritocracy, where one is judged based on one's ability. [498]
William Farquhar, who served as the first resident of Singapore from 1819 to 1823. On 30 January 1819, Sir Stamford Raffles, an Englishman who was the Governor of Bencoolen (now Bengkulu, Indonesia), entered into a preliminary agreement with the Temenggung of Johor, Abdul Rahman Sri Maharajah, for the British East India Company to establish a "factory" or trading post on the island of Singapore.
Thus, a constitutional commission headed by Sir George Rendel was set up in 1953 to recommend changes in the constitutional system, with the aim of increasing widespread participation in the central and local government of Singapore. [16] The Government accepted most of the Rendel Commission's recommendations in its report of February 1954.
Since independence, Singapore's legal system has evolved increasingly towards its local context. [31] Developments in government and constitutionalism have brought about distinctive features in its system of checks and balances. A few issues arise due to the long-standing one-party dominance in Singapore's political system.
The power of the British Government was vested in the governor of Singapore. The colony eventually gained partial internal self-governance in 1955, [2] and lasted until the establishment of the State of Singapore in 1958, with full internal self-governance granted in 1959. [3] [4]