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British explorer James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. [2] From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries , traders and adventurers.
With the start of the Otago gold rush and discovery of the Nelson mineral belt, geologists and surveyors were hired to map inland New Zealand. [1] [20] By 1855 the Acheron and Pandora had mapped New Zealand's coast line in great detail. [21] The position of surveyor-general was created in the royal instructions of 1840.
The Colony of New Zealand was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1841 to 1907. British authority was vested in a governor . The colony had three successive capitals : Okiato (or Old Russell) in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington from 1865.
New Zealand is a predominantly urban country, with 84.3% of the population living in urban areas, and 51.0% of the population living in the seven cities with populations exceeding 100,000. [311] Auckland, with over 1.4 million residents, is by far the largest city. [311] New Zealand cities generally rank highly on international livability measures.
New Zealand–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between New Zealand and the United Kingdom. New Zealand has historically maintained a close relationship with Britain. [1] New Zealand was a British colony from 1841, and it supported Britain during major conflicts, including both World Wars.
Cook's map of New Zealand Māori war canoe with triangle sail drawn by Herman Spöring during Cook's first voyage to New Zealand in 1769. Cook reached New Zealand on 6 October 1769, leading only the second group of Europeans known to do so (after Abel Tasman over a century earlier, in 1642).
Map of the Colony of New Zealand in 1842, naming the North Island "New Ulster", South Island "New Munster" and Stewart Island "New Leinster.". Following the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, New Zealand became a British colony, initially as part of New South Wales.
New Zealand troops in First and Second Battles of El Alamein. Food rationing introduced. Mobilisation of women for essential work. 12 June: First 5 ships of American troops from the 37th US Army Division land in Auckland. 14 June: First American Marines from the 1st Corps Division land in Wellington. 1943. New Zealand troops take part in ...