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A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science.
A set of polygons in an Euler diagram This set equals the one depicted above since both have the very same elements.. In mathematics, a set is a collection of different [1] things; [2] [3] [4] these things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects of any kind: numbers, symbols, points in space, lines, other geometrical shapes, variables, or even other ...
Venn diagram of information theoretic measures for three variables , , and , represented by the lower left , lower right, and upper circles, respectively. The ...
Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as
Venn diagram of = . The symmetric difference is equivalent to the union of both relative complements, that is: [1] = (), The symmetric difference can also be expressed using the XOR operation ⊕ on the predicates describing the two sets in set-builder notation:
It was created at the end of the 19th century by Georg Cantor as part of his study of infinite sets [5] and developed by Gottlob Frege in his Grundgesetze der Arithmetik. Naive set theory may refer to several very distinct notions. It may refer to Informal presentation of an axiomatic set theory, e.g. as in Naive Set Theory by Paul Halmos.
Information diagrams have also been applied to specific problems such as for displaying the information theoretic similarity between sets of ontological terms. [ 3 ] Venn diagram showing additive and subtractive relationships among various information measures associated with correlated variables X and Y .
The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".