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A Kaplan turbine has fewer runner blades than a Francis turbine because a Kaplan turbine's blades are twisted and cover a larger circumference. Friction losses in a Kaplan turbine are less. The shaft of a Francis turbine is usually vertical (in many of the early machines it was horizontal), whereas in a Kaplan turbine it is always vertical.
Francis inlet scroll at the Grand Coulee Dam Side-view cutaway of a vertical Francis turbine. Here water enters horizontally in a spiral-shaped pipe (spiral case) wrapped around the outside of the turbine's rotating runner and exits vertically down through the center of the turbine. The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine.
A rare Gem-brand sewing machine produced by the White Sewing Machine Company, circa 1887 A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread . [ 1 ] Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies.
The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low-head applications which was not possible with Francis turbines. [2] The head ranges from 10 to 70 metres (33 to 230 ft) and the output ranges from 5 to 200 MW. Runner diameters are between 2 and 11 metres (6 ft 7 in and 36 ft 1 in).
Rainpower AS is a Norwegian company which develops, designs, manufactures and sells equipment for hydropower electricity generation. The company provides Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines, as well as pump turbines, small hydropower plants, turbine governor, oil pressure systems, valve controllers, exciters, valves, gates, pipes, and other products and services related to the hydropower ...
The two engineers worked on improving the turbine. And in 1848, Francis and Boyden successfully improved the turbine with what is now known as the Francis turbine. Francis's turbine eclipsed the Boyden turbine in power by 90%. In 1855, Francis published these findings in the "Lowell Hydraulic Experiments". [8]
After the success of the first Kaplan turbines they started being used worldwide and remain one of the most widely used kinds of water turbines. In 1926 and 1934 Kaplan received honorary doctorates. He died of a stroke in 1934 at Unterach am Attersee, Austria. Kaplan was honored and featured on the 1000 Austrian schilling banknote in 1961.
The firm was renamed as the Jones Sewing Machine Co. Ltd and was later acquired by Brother Industries of Japan, in 1968. [18] Clothing manufacturers were the first sewing machine customers, and used them to produce the first ready-to-wear clothing and shoes. In the 1860s consumers began purchasing them, and the machines—ranging in price from ...