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The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetics is greater (from 2.5 [14] to 7.1 [22] times the nondiabetic risk) depending on the duration of diabetes and treatment protocol. [23]
Partial surgical resection is the recommended treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when patients have sufficient hepatic function reserve. [39] 5-year survival rates after resection have massively improved over the last few decades and can now range from 41 to 74%. [39]
The treatment of chronic liver disease depends on the cause. Specific conditions may be treated with medications including corticosteroids , interferon , antivirals , bile acids or other drugs. Supportive therapy for complications of cirrhosis include diuretics , albumin , vitamin K , blood products , antibiotics and nutritional therapy.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of carcinoma that typically affects young adults and is characterized, under the microscope, by laminated fibrous layers interspersed between the tumor cells. [1] It has been estimated that 200 new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. [2]
The goal of treatment is prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). [111] The best way to reduce the long-term risk of HCC is to achieve sustained virological response (SVR). [ 111 ] SVR is defined as an undetectable viral load at 12 weeks after treatment completion and indicates a cure.
In medicine, proton therapy, or proton radiotherapy, is a type of particle therapy that uses a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often to treat cancer.The chief advantage of proton therapy over other types of external beam radiotherapy is that the dose of protons is deposited over a narrow range of depth; hence in minimal entry, exit, or scattered radiation dose to healthy ...
Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. [1] Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal , mesodermal [ 2 ] or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis .
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