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The Text of the Act (PDF) Archived 2019-05-08 at the Wayback Machine; UDayton.edu Timeline of Asian Pacific Americans and Immigration Law; AILF.org Closed Borders and Mass Deportations: The Lessons of the Barred Zone Act; PBS.org Text of the Act describing the limits of the Asiatic Barred Zone; Helen F. Eckerson, "Immigration and National Origins"
Shortly after the American Civil War, some states started to pass their own immigration laws, which prompted the U.S. Supreme Court to rule in 1875 that immigration was a federal responsibility. [50] In 1875, the nation passed its first immigration law, the Page Act of 1875 , also known as the Asian Exclusion Act.
Moreover, the African-American population had become highly urbanized. In 1900, only one-fifth of African Americans in the South were living in urban areas. [13] By 1960, half of the African Americans in the South lived in urban areas, [13] and by 1970, more than 80% of African Americans nationwide lived in cities. [14] In 1991, Nicholas Lemann ...
By the end of the war, more than 180,000 African Americans, mostly from the South, fought with the Union Army and Navy as members of the US Colored Troops and sailors. [citation needed] May 2 – The first North American military unit with African-American officers is the 1st Louisiana Native Guard of the Confederate Army (disbanded in February ...
With an enormous demand for expansion of the defense industries, the new draft law in effect, and the cut off of immigration from Europe, demand was very high for underemployed farmers from the South. Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans took the trains to Northern industrial centers. Migrants going to Pittsburgh and surrounding mill ...
The Great Migration throughout the 20th century (starting from World War I) [5] [6] resulted in more than six million African Americans leaving the Southern U.S. (especially rural areas) and moving to other parts of the United States (especially to urban areas) due to the greater economic/job opportunities, less anti-black violence/lynchings ...
In 1870, the law was broadened to allow African Americans to be naturalized. [8] Asian immigrants were excluded from naturalization but not from living in the United States. There were also significant restrictions on some Asians at the state level; in California, for example, non-citizen Asians were not allowed to own land.
First African-American Professor of Poetry, first African-American woman Professor and first Distinguished Visiting Poetry Professor of the Iowa Writers' Workshop: Tracie Morris [351] First African-American elected official to lie in state at the U.S. Capitol Rotunda : John Lewis [ 345 ] (See also: 1998, 2005)