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Degenerative arthritis of the distal (outer) big toe joint can occur as a complication of fractures, especially fractures to the proximal (inner) end and diaphysis (midsection) of the proximal bone. [10] If the proximal phalanx of the big toe is broken, hallux valgus (bunion) is a frequent complication. [10]
An intraarticular fracture is a bone fracture in which the break crosses into the surface of a joint. This always results in damage to the cartilage . [ 1 ] Compared to extraarticular fractures , intraarticular have a higher risk for developing long-term complications, such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis .
Proximal fractures of 5th metatarsal. The tuberosity avulsion fracture (also known as pseudo-Jones fracture or dancer's fracture [2] is a common fracture of the fifth metatarsal (the bone on the outside edge of the foot extending to the little toe). [3] This fracture is likely caused by the lateral band of the plantar aponeurosis (tendon). [4]
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
Some fractures, however, cannot be held in a satisfactory position by this method, and require some additional form of fixation. This is the usual situation with all displaced fractures of the first metacarpal and of the proximal phalanges of the hand, and of about two thirds of fractures of the distal end of the radius. Percutaneous pinning is ...
Pseudo-Jones fracture. Other proximal fifth metatarsal fractures exist, although they are not as problematic as a Jones fracture. If the fracture enters the intermetatarsal joint, it is a Jones fracture. If, however, it enters the tarsometatarsal joint, then it is likely an avulsion fracture caused by pull from the fibularis brevis tendon.
They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by the formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium. A Bouchard's node on the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger of a 64 year old man.
Hallux rigidus or stiff big toe is degenerative arthritis and stiffness due to bone spurs that affects the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP) at the base of the hallux (big toe). Hallux flexus was initially described by Davies-Colley [ 1 ] in 1887 as a plantar flexed posture of phalanx relative to the metatarsal head.