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Most buildings in Northern Europe were constructed of timber until c. 1000 AD. In Southern Europe adobe remained predominant. Brick continued to be manufactured in Italy throughout the period 600–1000 AD but elsewhere the craft of brick-making had largely disappeared and with it the methods for burning tiles .
Building Image Country Continent First built Use Note Towers of Tell Qaramel: Syria: Asia: 10650–9650 BCE Tower Located in Aleppo Governorate, five stone towers were found at Tell Qaramel; dated to the period from the middle of the 11th millennium BCE to about 9650 BCE, making them the oldest structures of this type in the world.
Since the Gothic cathedrals were the tallest buildings built in Europe since the Roman Empire, new technologies were needed to lift the stones up to the highest levels. A variety of cranes were developed. These included the treadmill crane, a type of hoist powered by one or more men walking inside a large treadmill (French: ecureuil, lit.
With the legalizing of Christianity in 313 by the Emperor Constantine I, churches were built rapidly. Five very large churches were founded in Rome and, though much altered or rebuilt, still exist today, including the cathedral church of Rome, St John on the Lateran Hill and the papal St Peter's Basilica on the Vatican Hill, now the Vatican ...
While much of the surviving medieval architecture is either religious or military, examples of civic and even domestic architecture can be found throughout Europe. Examples include manor houses, town halls, almshouses and bridges, but also residential houses.Walled towns were constructed across Europe, including in Austria.
In addition to such new church buildings, a number of ancient temples or civil buildings were later converted into churches, especially after the fall of the Roman Empire, for instance the Pantheon, Rome, the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina, Rome, Sant'Adriano al Foro, Rome (the former Curia Julia), the Mausoleum of Constantina, Rome, Santa ...
Fatimid mausoleums, many of which have survived in Aswan and Cairo, were mostly simple square buildings covered by a dome. Domes were smooth or ribbed and had a characteristic Fatimid "keel" shape profile. [60] The domes of the connected mausolea of Sayyida Atika and al-Gafari are examples. [55] The first were built in and around Fustat. Those ...
Ancient Greek architecture came from the Greeks, or Hellenes, whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC. [1]