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  2. Computer programming in the punched card era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming_in...

    A single program deck, with individual subroutines marked. The markings show the effects of editing, as cards are replaced or reordered. Many early programming languages, including FORTRAN, COBOL and the various IBM assembler languages, used only the first 72 columns of a card – a tradition that traces back to the IBM 711 card reader used on the IBM 704/709/7090/7094 series (especially the ...

  3. Punched card input/output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card_input/output

    A computer punched card reader or just computer card reader is a computer input device used to read computer programs in either source or executable form and data from punched cards. A computer card punch is a computer output device that punches holes in cards. Sometimes computer punch card readers were combined with computer card punches and ...

  4. ICT 1900 series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICT_1900_series

    The first commercial sale was made in 1964 to the Morgan Crucible Company, comprising a 16K word 1902 with an 80-column 980-card/minute reader, a card punch, a 600 line/min printer and 4 x 20kchar/s tape drives [nb 1]. It was soon upgraded to a 32K word memory and a floating point unit to allow for some scientific work.

  5. Punched card - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card

    A 12-row/80-column IBM punched card from the mid-twentieth century. A punched card (also punch card [1] or punched-card [2]) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes. Punched cards were once common in data processing and the control of automated machines.

  6. International Computers and Tabulators - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Computers...

    The ICT 1201 computer used thermionic valve technology and its main memory was drum storage. Input was from 80-column punched cards and output was to 80-column cards and a printer. Before the merger, under BTM, this had been known as the HEC4 (Hollerith Electronic Computer, fourth version). The drum memory held 1K of 40-bit words.

  7. Unit record equipment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_record_equipment

    IBM 029 Card Punch. Original data were usually punched into cards by workers, often women, known as keypunch operators, under the control of a program card (called a drum card because it was installed on a rotating drum in the machine), which could automatically skip or duplicate predefined card columns, enforce numeric-only entry, and, later ...

  8. Bendix G-15 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendix_G-15

    Some have survived and have made their way to computer museums or science and technology museums around the world. For instance, System Source Computer Museum is to have a working G-15 in 2025. Huskey received one of the last production G15s, fitted with a gold-plated front panel. This was the first computer that Ken Thompson ever used. [10]

  9. History of computing hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

    IBM punched-card accounting machines, 1936. In the late 1880s, the American Herman Hollerith invented data storage on punched cards that could then be read by a machine. [26] To process these punched cards, he invented the tabulator and the keypunch machine. His machines used electromechanical relays and counters. [27]

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