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Appraisal theory is the theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals or estimates) of events that cause specific reactions in different people. Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal. [ 1 ]
According to this theory, two distinct forms of cognitive appraisal must occur in order for an individual to feel stress in response to an event; Lazarus called these stages "primary appraisal" and "secondary appraisal". [5] During primary appraisal, an event is interpreted as dangerous to the individual or threatening to their personal goals.
Lazarus defines appraisal theory of emotion as having two basic themes: “First, emotion is a response to evaluative judgments or meaning; second, these judgments are about ongoing relationships with the environment, namely how one is doing in the agenda of living and whether the encounter of the environment is one of harm of benefit.” [ 7 ]
Richard S. Lazarus (March 3, 1922 – November 24, 2002) was an American psychologist who began rising to prominence in the 1960s. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lazarus as the 80th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. [1] He was well renowned for his theory of cognitive-mediational theory within ...
In the late 20th century, Richard S. Lazarus brought to light the theory of cognitive appraisal (an individual’s subjective view of their environment and its stimuli) in understanding emotional responses, while James J. Gross introduced the Process Model of Emotion Regulation, further investigating how individuals are able to influence their ...
The framework shares close ties to Brashers' uncertainty management theory, Babrow's problematic integration theory, Johnson and Meischkes' comprehensive model of information seeking and Bandura's social cognitive theory. [1] The revision also relies on Lazarus' appraisal theory of emotions. [3]
Susan Kleppner was born on March 19, 1938, in New York City, New York, to parents Beatrice and Otto Kleppner. [3] [4] She received a Bachelor of Arts in history from Brandeis University (1959), an M.Ed. in counseling psychology from the University of Missouri, St. Louis (1974), and a Ph.D. in educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley (1979). [5]
Multimodal therapy (MMT) is an approach to psychotherapy devised by psychologist Arnold Lazarus, who originated the term behavior therapy in psychotherapy. It is based on the idea that humans are biological beings that think, feel, act, sense, imagine, and interact—and that psychological treatment should address each of these modalities.